Government and the Central Bank Economic Recession Responses

Government and the Central Bank Economic Recession Responses Discuss how the government and the central bank should respond to an economic slowdown and a recession At the end of year 2008, economists suggested that the economy may be led to -or already in- a recession when economic growth was decelerating. The official definition of a recession is two successive quarters with a decline in gross domestic product (GDP). However, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) identifies that a recession as a â€Å"significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months† based on a number of economic indicators, with an emphasis on trends in employment and income. It doesnt confine itself to use the technical definition of two quarters of negative GDP growth because it is only assessed quarterly and it is subject to revisions. By the time GDP growth is negative for two quarters, the recession is already well happening. However, an economic downturn is defined less strict. For instance, we were in an economic downturn even with positive growth because the economic growth rate was slowing down, house prices were falling, unemployment rates were increasing and people could see the business cycle that moved from a boom period to bust. To respond to an economic slowdown and recession, government and central bank should take active roles in resolving economic issues through the use of two expansionary policies: fiscal policy and monetary policy. While the economy is not officially in a recession, there are signs that economic activity is slowing. According to CRS Report for Congress, 2008, economic growth in the United States was negative in the fourth quarter of 2007 after two strong quarters, but turned positive in the first and second quarters of 2008. According to one data series (graphs), employment fell in every month of 2008. The unemployment rate, which rose slightly during the last half of 2007, declined in January and February of 2008, but began rising in March and by August stood at 6.1%. The continuing financial turmoil is also cause for concern. Forecasters, while projecting slower growth in 2008, remain uncertain about the likelihood of a recession. If financial market confidence is not restored and private market spreads remain elevated, the broader economy could slow due to difficulties in financing consumer durables, business investment, college education, and other big ticket items. When the economy is down turning, economist believe the central bank should place more emphasis on short-term monetary policy as it takes fewer time to implement and its decisions to significantly decrease interest rates, and natural market adjustment, along with the already enacted stimulus, would be enough to avoid recession. When there is a massive intervention in the financial markets, the transmission of money can be stimulated into the financial sector and ultimately into the broader economy, where an important expansion of credit could significantly raise aggregate demand. It is said to emphasise more on monetary policy than fiscal policy because there are lags before a policy change affects spending. Therefore, stimulus could be delivered after the economy has already entered a recession or a recession has already ended. First, there is a legislative process lag that applies to all policy proposals — a stimulus package cannot take effect until bills are passed by the H ouse and Senate, both chambers can reconcile differences between their bills, and the President signs the bill. Many bills get delayed at some step in this process. As seen in Table 8, many past stimulus bills have not become law until a recession was already underway or finished. Is additional fiscal stimulus needed during the economy slowdown? It depends on the current state of the economy. Fiscal policy temporarily stimulates the economy through an increase in the budget deficit. Fiscal stimulus can take the form of higher government spending (direct spending or transfer payments) or tax reductions, but normally it can boost spending only through a larger budget deficit. A deficit-financed increase in government spending directly boosts spending by borrowing to finance higher government spending or transfer payments to households. A deficit-financed tax cut indirectly boosts spending if the recipient uses the tax cut to increase his spending. Economists usually agree that spending proposals are somewhat more stimulative than tax cuts since part of a tax cut will be saved by the recipients. The most important determinant of the effect on the economy is its size. Economic performance can be illustrated through shifting in aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves. Aggregate supply and demand are shown in the graph below. If consumer confidence in the economy falls and people reduce their spending, aggregate demand will fall, reducing real output and prices and possibly dropping the country into a recession (figure1). As the American economy slid into recession in 1929, economists relied on the Classical Theory of economics, which promised that the economy would self-correct if government did not interfere. But as the recession deepened into the Great Depression and no correction occurred, economists realized that a revision in theory would be necessary. John Maynard Keynes developed Keynesian Theory, which called for government intervention to correct economic instability. As fiscal policy is the use of government spending and taxes to stabilize the economy, Keynes recommends that parliament should increase government spending in order to â€Å"prime the pump† of the economy during periods of recession. At the same time, he calls for tax decreases in recessionary times, to increase consumers disposable income with which they can buy more products. Through both methods of fiscal policy, the increase in aggregate demand brought about by such actions leads firms to increase production, hire w orkers, and increase household incomes to enable them to buy more. While both tools are effective, Keynes advocated change in government spending as the more effective fiscal policy tool, because any change in government spending has a direct effect on aggregate demand. However, if taxes are reduced, consumers most likely will not spend all of their increase in disposable income; they are likely to save some of it. Referring to the graph, a rise in government spending G or a decline in autonomous taxes will cause the aggregate demand AD shift to the right, thus increasing both the equilibrium level of real GDP, Q*, and the equilibrium price level P*. When economy is running into recession, central bank is one of the agencies responsible to influence the demand, supply and hence, price of money and credit in order to keep production, prices, and employment stable. To do this, the central bank uses three tools: open market operations, the discount rate and reserve requirements. In order to bring the economy out of recession, central bank will lower the reserve requirements. Due to the act, member banks are required to keep less money, and so more money can be put into circulation through expanding their loans to firms and people. Furthermore, with the use of its open market operations for buying government securities, the central bank pays for these securities by crediting the reserve accounts of its member banks involved with the sale. With more money in these reserve accounts, banks have more money to lend, interest rates may fall, and consumer and business spending may increase, encouraging economic expansion. The discount rate is serves as an indicator to private bankers of the intentions of the central bank to enlarge the money supply. So a lowered discount rate which is announced by the central bank encourages more banks to borrow from the reserve banks. According to the graph below, a central bank open market purchase of securities, a fall in the discount rate or a decrease in the required reserve ratio will raise the money supply, thereby increasing aggregate demand and the equilibrium level of real GDP, Q*, and the equilibrium price level, P*.

Educational Policies of Nigeria and South Korea Essay

Education has been the corner stone of the success of every economy. In terms of those countries which have been colonized and have adopted a government that was highly repressive in nature, one could significantly argue that such would post an effect to how education was being delivered, the degree of excellence of the aforementioned, the demands of the market and the availability of jobs, and finally its effects to the economy. This paper focuses on the educational history and policies of Nigeria and South Korea in relation to the British military government of the Nigerians and the Japanese occupation and the American military government of the South Koreans. These policies and norms are then significantly related to their employment systems and its effect on their economy. The objectives of this essay are the following: 1. To establish a brief account of the educational policies and norms of Nigeria and South Korean and significantly identify its relationship to the military government. 2. To significantly identify the effects of the educational policies and norms in relation to the availability of jobs to the citizens and consequently the continuous demands of the market for such jobs; and finally 3. To know the effects of educational excellence, jobs availability and demands to the sustainable development of an economy. Review of Related Literature Education and Military Government in Nigeria One of the major constitutional changes that happened to the government of Nigeria was in 1953, a few years after the World War II. Such a change took effect through the London Conference attended by both Nigerian and Colonial officials which places the country under the rule of a Governor General, having the aforementioned the leader of the three principle regions of the country. Such a change of the name of positions was a way for the British regime to increase the autonomous powers of the country thereby making education vested at the local level, which is in accordance with the aim of unifying the region (Patterson, 1955, p. 94). Education, other than representation and taxation was one of the autonomous areas of governance that is designated to the central government. As such it is with this respect that the government had ordered that the youth of Nigeria regardless of any region should be given â€Å"sound and uniform standards of performance† (p. 95). The objective of this educational policy is to have the youth fully prepared on their primary and secondary education so as to enable them to take higher education both inside and outside of the country. Within the new constitution, 34 subjects or areas of concern were given to the federal government to oversee. In addition with this, 14 subject areas were also created and delegated to the federal government to be administered to individual regions. Consequently, it has also been perceived that the successful implementation of these subjects could only happen if the individuals administering these areas were competent enough, hence resulting to the very high standards were implemented by the government in terms of employee recruitment (p. 5). Such a drive for the development of skills for the Nigerian youth resulted to the perceived shortness in terms of trained senior administrators and other technicians for various government and technical posts for the country. The federal government perceived that the shortage could only be remedied through higher education and long experience of the youth. At the end of 1953, it has been perceived that 5,000 senior service positions were available in which 3,300 of them were taken by overseas personnels or the â€Å"expatriates†. Only 800 positions are given to Nigerians, and there were still 900 positions more that were vacant (World Bank, 1955, p. 23). The drive of the British Government to improve the education in Nigeria resulted to the establishment of a program for development for African Territories under the British Crown. The program which was called the Colonial Development and Welfare Schemes was inaugurated in 1945 in which required the British Government to contribute 23,000,000 pounds sterling for ten years that would enable the country to develop and another loan of 26-500,000 pounds sterling that would be used to fund a number of projects including education and other research facilities (Patterson, 1955, p. 97). The result of such an effort on the end of the British Government paved the way for a consuming ambition among young Nigerians to be associated with the Government and take a number of white collar jobs (p. 8). Technical Education in Nigeria Technical education is placed as one of the major projects of the Ten-Year Plan for Development and Welfare for the post-war Nigeria. Institutions that would cater to technical skills, trade, and handicrafts were created after the Second World War. For instance, the Technical Institute of Yaba, the first center that was created outside Lagos offered three full-time and two part-time programs and special short courses. These skills were those relating to junior and senior technical and also teacher training. For a four-year education, the country had been offering instructions in wood working, drafting, sub-professional engineering, commerce and printing to those students who have completed eight years of primary education and have already passed a special entrance examination. The senior technical course offered by the institute focused on courses in electrical, mathematical and civil engineering, architectural assistance and economics. Consequently, there were also teacher-training programs which offer a two-year course to prepare teachers for handicraft centers and secondary school craft courses (World Bank, 1955, p. 582-583). On the other hand, the Trade Centers at Yaba aimed to produce skilled craftsmen by offering courses which range from two to five years. The students primarily learned on an apprenticeship basis after which they have already familiarized themselves with the tools of the trade and have learned to do simple tasks; consequently academic instructions were given to the students averages one day every week. After the students have already gained the skills that are necessary, they were contacted by the trade center to go to large cities in order to work. Part of the educational system was also the refusal to accept new students until a new class graduates. As such, the intake and output for some courses happened only once in every five years. For the first five years of the operation of the Yaba Centre, there were only 85 students who had graduated while 18 were dismissed and 13 of them resigned (p. 84). The Weakness of the Nigerian Education One major weaknesses of the Nigerian education was the inclination to have all areas of the Government to have properly staffed and well-trained individuals; as such resulting in having schools to have its own standards and specializations and independence from other educational efforts. Such an act resulted at times to the replication of jobs or over specialization on some skills, which were often criticized to prevent holistic development. It has been argued by some scholars that schools that were operated by the departments of governments had the inclination to emphasize subjects that were too technical up to the extent of neglecting certain subjects such as English, Mathematics and the Social Sciences. As such, some students after graduating from departmental schools normally look for jobs that they believed will be necessary for their employment rather than their abilities and interests (Patterson, 1955, p. 7-98). In effect of this, the inclination towards education had been something that was relative to that of available employment. Outside the market, it had been perceived that education had no value and in the long run, had stimulated little demand to the public. It is with this respect that competition among available jobs had been perceived to be very keen wherein the colonial Nigeria has clustered to commercial areas within the region (Davis and Kalu-Nwiwu, 2001, p. 1). It could also be significantly noted that education for women during the post-war Nigeria had also been problematic as although there were already several domestic science centers that were established, very few of them remained in actual operation. As such, the education of women had been lagging in the country. The education that was provided to women were those solely with regard to food preparation, sewing, cleaning, general sanitation and elementary skills in nursing (World Bank, 1955, p. 588).

Sample of Selling Product Proposal

Love what you're doing when you're selling a product. The popular image of a salesperson as someone willing to â€Å"sell at all costs† is not the reality across the board in sales. A good salesperson loves sales, is motivated by what they're selling, and transfers this enthusiasm and belief to the customer. Indeed, the customer is given options, including the one to walk away, in order to avoid such undue pressure. Learn how to listen to customers and to read their body language. Avoid interrupting or disagreeing with a customer, and provide your customer with space to talk. Know how to interpret a customer's folded arms, eye contact, and manner of standing toward or away from you. Make the customer comfortable and you're off to a good start in selling your product. 2Be knowledgeable about the product. There is nothing more infuriating to a potential customer than to come across a half-hearted salesperson who claims uncertainty about what the product can and can't do, what it's made from, and what happens when things in it stop working. It is absolutely vital to know your product range inside out and if you do not know something a customer asks of you, let them know you'll find out and get back to them as soon as possible. 3Help the customer see the perks. As well as getting good product information to the right people, it is important to translate the product's features into benefits for the customer, thus making it easier for them to buy. Have you used the product, tested it, tried it out, or worked with it–whichever is relevant? Do you feel comfortable about being able to talk to a customer as someone totally familiar with the product? Ask yourself one simple question: Why should a customer buy my product? If the only answer you can come up with is â€Å"So I can get paid,† you're selling the wrong product. 4Ensure that the product has been adequately explained. Good product information, including retail packaging, is important. Lots of salespersons and sales managers don't like to admit that sales can be completed by product information. They like to think it is their personal charm, intelligence, and determination that closes sales. For the most part, that is bunk. Not only can sales be made by product information, most sales are made this way. And this is more true today than in the past because of the proliferation of â€Å"big-box stores† and other forms of product sales without the benefit of interpersonal relationships. The product information should be informative, true and complete. Ideally, it should give the prospective buyer all the information they need to buy on the spot. For most prospects shopping without assistance, clear and easy to understand information, as described above, is important. 5Make the benefits of the product loud and clear. Besides the actual utility, beauty, or even fame of the product, what are you offering above and beyond? Make it clear to the customer what key benefits the product brings to them, such as guarantees, warranties, and after-sales service. Connecting with the Buyer 1Understand the motivations of the buyer. When presenting the product to the customer, bear in mind that most successful products and services are bought, not sold. They are bought by people who have a need, and believe that the product will satisfy that need. This is often the result of marketing rather than selling, however. Selling the product rather than just offering it for sale almost always involves an emotional component. Take some time to look at the marketing side of the product. What images and promises have been created by the marketing around the product that you're trying to sell? In what ways can you continue this theme where it seems most appropriate to maintain the promised satisfaction the marketing offers? During your presentation, confirm that your prospective buyer will want or need your product. You will need to do this through a range of methods, including observing their reactions, listening to them carefully, and asking them clear questions about what they actually need. If you're visiting your potential buyer's office, look at their wall and desk. What photos, posters, or images can you see? Are there images of family, pets, vacations that will provide you with a connection to this person's wants? 2Know how to open with a customer. Instead of asking the close-ended question â€Å"May I help you? â€Å", ask the more positive, open-ended â€Å"Are you looking for something for yourself is it a gift for someone special? † And be alert to making comments on the product before getting into a deeper discussion with the customer, such as â€Å"These long legged computer stands are really popular this summer. 3Convert the customer's motivations into the product's characteristics. In marketing, this is known as â€Å"positioning†, and it consists of equating the product with the customer's hopes and desires. The following positioning factors are all of importance when selling a product[1]: Position the product in the best spectrum of the ma rket possible. Mark H, McCormack calls this finding your â€Å"biggest bulge of buyers†, and not pitching the product too high or too low in terms of affordability and luxury. [2] Position the facts about the product according to the person you're selling it to. You may have a handful of different facts, but it's up to your skill to know which of those facts best serve each individual sale. Position the facts so that they reflect the desired perception. However, don't fudge facts or lie outright. This is about perception, not deception. Position the facts so that they transcend the product itself. This means that the desirable, positive values associated with the product sell the product and have very little to do with the product itself. Companies that excel at this include Coca-Cola, Apple, and many designer goods or labels. Understand all the aspects that feed into the end sale of a product. Advertising, merchandising, and marketing are support functions for selling. Selling is the goal of these support functions and a good salesperson needs to have a decent understanding of each of these aspects in a product's life. Read basic texts on marketing. These will quickly bring you up to speed on many of the tactics and techniques underlying ad vertising, merchandising, and marketing. In addition, texts on starting a small business will often provide useful overview information of this type. Read How to understand marketing for more details. If your product is more for work than for play, learn a little about finance to quantify its benefits. If it's for a business, learn more about accounting to explain how it will make the investors as well as the employees happy. 5Be honest. Long-term lovers of your product will only come about if you've been honest with them. This means being transparent in your delivery of product information and also admitting your own lack of knowledge or mistakes you've made where needed. Don't be afraid of honesty; it builds trust. Think like (not about) your customers. Think about what you'd like to hear and learn about the product if you were in the customer's shoes. Don't take the easy way out and brush your customer off when stock is low or your knowledge is sparse. Always make a genuine effort to follow up customer wants, and to physically take customers to a product, and demonstrate it, where possible. A customer given a hands-on demonstration will feel more involved in the sale and more likely to purchase than one who is told â€Å"It's in aisle 5 that way† and given a brisk hand wave. Closing the Sale 1Close the sale. There are many styles and methods of closing a sale. One of the most effective has the mnemonic, ABC: â€Å"Always Be Closing. † As you confirm your prospective buyer's interest in the product, put forward trial closes like, â€Å"Does this sound like the product you want? â€Å". When answered in the affirmative, this may mean you have completed the sale on that product, and it is time to build the sale with related products. 2Be prepared to give customers time to consider. Appearing overly pushy is a turn-off for many modern-day buyers who do their own savvy internet research before coming to see you. They may want to go home and do a quick online search; let them do so with your enthusiastic and supportive pitch in their mind. If you've been truthful, helpful, considerate, and enthusiastic and the information you've given them matches with what they read online, it'll be your business they come back to for the product, or your product they'll prefer over a competitor's. Improving Sales 1Spread your product information. It is important to make your product information available through as many channels as possible. Today, the range of potential placements has increased a great deal thanks to the advances in communications. Give your potential buyers many possible places to find out more about your information including in the following ways: Promote your product through representatives, dealers, salesmen, radio, TV, word-of-mouth by customers, mail and email (in various forms), distribution at trade shows, seminars, telephone, fax, computer networks, product packaging, airline magazines, retail storefronts, space ads, and the Internet. And consider the worth of product placement in movies, sports games, and other big events that are televised. Use social media. This is now a very important part of getting products out into the broader, global marketplace. Places Facebook and Pinterest can be great launching pads for your product. Use local community events. Donating your product to a local school gala for auctioning to raise school funds can be a great way to get your product known, as well as getting the goodwill from the community who recognizes your generosity. 2Get creative. Sales can only be increased by certain things over which you have control but which are not necessarily self-evident. Sometimes price changes are required; other times, you'll need tweaks to the product, or a broadening or contracting of your product range. All of this will be evident from undertaking regular inventory checks and follow ups on sales performance. Some methods to increase sales include: Selling more of your existing products to your existing customers – which probably means new sales methods will need to be implemented. Adding new products. Adding new customers. Having an exclusive product for a set period of time that everyone wants. Troubleshooting Poor Sales 1Review. At regular intervals during and after the sale of your product, there should always be a review. Is the product selling well? If not, why not? Are stocks low or are you still tripping over product that has dust on it? Bear in mind the image that slow-moving or unsold products can create in the minds of a customer. Finding dust on items tells the customer the product has been there for some time and may be outdated. Seeing the same display month in and month out suggests to the customer that the product is stale and not very popular. Always review the viability of the products with these questions: Can the product be deleted from your line if it's not selling so well? Try not to add new products until you've removed the old ones or you may just have too many choices and less leverage with which to convince the potential buyer. If you're a business owner, you also risk tying up too much of your cash in stock that has the potential to go obsolete faster than you can move it. Can you liquidate obsolete products? Can you look back over your target market and sharpen the focus? You may have been missing the best fit within the market for your product. Re-evaluate product mix, product design, product location and selling methods if your product is in severe sales decline. EditTips Know what your competitors are doing and find ways to outsell their ideas. Does your product have added features, special warranties, or a better price? Using Independent Sales Reps (working on commission only). They will sell your product and get paid only when the sale is consumed. Many resources exists to find them online. Make your prices low. You will sell lots of products and get as much money as you would've done for making your item expensive and selling very little. A database such as Microsoft Access can help you organize, reorganize, and display the information your business generates for all kinds of insights. A personal information manager (PIM) program, often part of an email program, specializes in organizing contacts. A customer relationship management [3] (CRM) program goes a step further by automating their use in marketing. For example, ACT! makes it very easy to get back to a potential customer every 30 days. Other computer programs, like OpenOffice. org are also extremely helpful in organization, running reports and similar tasks. EditWarnings Never let people into your home. It is better to have an Internet-run business where people don't have direct contact with you. It may seem hard running an Internet business, but when you get going, it is definitely worth all of the work. EditRelated wikiHows

Geographic Facts About Oregon

Geographic Facts About Oregon Oregon is a state located in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is north of California, south of Washington and west of Idaho. Oregon has a population of 3,831,074 people (2010 estimate) and a total area of 98,381 square miles (255,026 sq km). It is most known for its diverse landscape that includes a rugged coastline, mountains, dense forests, valleys, high desert and large cities such as Portland. Oregon Fast Facts Population: 3,831,074 (2010 estimate)Capital: SalemLargest City: PortlandArea: 98,381 square miles (255,026 sq km)Highest Point: Mount Hood at 11,249 feet (3,428 m) Interesting Info to Know About the State of Oregon Scientists believe that humans have inhabited the region of present-day Oregon for at least 15,000 years. The area was not mentioned in recorded history however until the 16th century when Spanish and English explorers spotted the coast. In 1778 Captain James Cook mapped part of Oregon’s coast while on a journey looking for the Northwest Passage. In 1792 Captain Robert Gray discovered the Columbia River and claimed the region for the United States.In 1805 Lewis and Clark explored the Oregon region as part of their expedition. Seven years later in 1811 John Jacob Astor established a fur depot called Astoria near the mouth of the Columbia River. It was the first permanent European settlement in Oregon. By the 1820s the Hudson’s Bay Company became the dominant fur traders in the Pacific Northwest and it established a headquarters at Fort Vancouver in 1825. In the early 1840s, Oregon’s population grew considerably as the Oregon Trail brought many new settlers into th e region.​In the late 1840s, the United States and British North America had a dispute about where the border between the two would be. In 1846 the Oregon Treaty set the border at the 49th parallel. In 1848 the Oregon Territory was officially recognized and on February 14, 1859, Oregon was admitted into the Union. Today Oregon has a population of over 3 million people and its largest cities are Portland, Salem, and Eugene. It has a relatively strong economy that depends on agriculture and various high-tech industries as well as natural resource extraction. The major agricultural products of Oregon are grain, hazelnuts, wine, assorted types of berries and seafood products. Salmon fishing is a major industry in Oregon. The state is also home to large companies such as Nike, Harry and David and Tillamook Cheese.Tourism is also a major part of Oregon’s economy with the coast being a major travel destination. The state’s large cities are also tourist destinations. Crater Lake National Park, the only national park in Oregon, averages about 500,000 visitors per year.As of 2010, Oregon had a population of 3,831,074 people and a population density of 38.9 people per square mile (15 people per square kilometer). Most of the state’s population, however, are clustered around the Portl and metropolitan area and along the Interstate 5/ Willamette Valley corridor. Oregon, along with Washington and sometimes Idaho, is considered a part of the United States’ Pacific Northwest and it has an area of 98,381 square miles (255,026 sq km). It is famous for its rugged coastline that stretches 363 miles (584 km). The Oregon coast is divided into three regions: the North Coast that stretches from the mouth of the Columbia River to Neskowin, the Central Coast from Lincoln City to Florence and the South Coast that stretches from Reedsport to the state’s border with California. Coos Bay is the largest city on the Oregon coast.Oregon’s topography is highly varied and consists of mountainous regions, large valleys such as the Willamette and Rogue, high elevation desert plateau, dense evergreen forests as well as redwood forests along the coast. The highest point in Oregon is Mount Hood at 11,249 feet (3,428 m). It should be noted that Mount Hood, like most of the other tall mountains in Oregon, is a part of the Cascade Mountain Range    a volcanic range stretching from northern California into British Columbia, Canada. In general Oregon’s varied topography is normally divided into eight different regions. These regions consist of the Oregon Coast, the Willamette Valley, the Rogue Valley, the Cascade Mountains, the Klamath Mountains, the Columbia River Plateau, the Oregon Outback and the Blue Mountains ecoregion.Oregon’s climate varies throughout the state but it is generally mild with cool summers and cold winters. The coastal regions are mild to cool year round while eastern Oregon’s high desert areas are hot in the summer and cold in the winter. High mountain areas such as the region around Crater Lake National Park have mild summers and cold, snowy winters. Precipitation generally occurs year-round in much of Oregon. Portland’s average January low temperature is 34.2ËšF (1.2ËšC) and its average July high temperature is 79ËšF (26ËšC).

Global Economic Crisis

Global Economic Crisis The global crisis team members include; Christine LaGarde, Warren Buffet, Colin Powell. These are people from various parts of the world who play major roles in the world economy. For example, Colin Powell is an American politician who has experience in military leadership.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Economic Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Having led the American army for many years, he has the required experience to advise the president on global economic crisis. In fact, Colin can contribute to solutions since he might have experienced most situations during his term in the army (Shiller, 2008). This means that he might have learnt about economic hardships while serving outside America hence remaining the best equipped with economic information in the team. Inclusion of Powell in the team is extremely crucial because based on his background he might explain some of the implications of global e conomic crisis to the military. In fact, this is vital because the team will have to look at the impacts of global economic crisis to national and international security. The military needs to be supplied with the necessary equipment in order to carry out their mandate effectively. In addition, as the government advisor on security matters, Powell can give pertinent information to the team regarding effects of the economy to security. Christine LaGarde is a lawyer by profession and the managing director of the International Monetary Fund. She was considered to be a team member due to her long service to the French government in various ministries. The fact that she is currently managing the International Monetary Fund makes her the source of the latest information regarding what is happening in the globe in terms of economies. This means that she has the insights of every development in the world since she heads the institution that helps states in the world to facilitate their proj ects (Savona, Kirton and Oldani, 2011). She was included in the team because of her experience in several government institutions.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Having been a minister in several ministries; Christine can help the team with information regarding impacts of global economic crisis to various governmental institutions. In fact, having her in the team will lead to an inclusive report that highlights on finances both within and outside the national boundaries. She can be of help since she manages the institution that lends money to countries badly hit by the economic crisis in the world. This can guide the president on the possible states he can consider assisting. This means that the team will help the government in coming up with a strategy that can help various states to cope with global economic crisis. Warren Buffett is an American investor, and c an help the team a lot in matters that affect the world economically (Brown, 2010). Since he has been in the business world for long, Warren stands a better chance of helping the team with first-hand information regarding global economic crisis. As an investor, Warren must have experienced various economic conditions and situations in the globe and their implications to businesses and other forms of investments. In fact, he will represent investors in the team hence helping the team in winning the credibility of its audience. This is because sectors involved in the economy of any state will be represented hence leading to development of an inclusive report on the global crisis. Inclusion of Warren in the team is particularly valuable because he has been in the business for extraordinarily long. This means that he has experienced economic crisis in the world hence putting him at a position of giving a lot of information. In fact, he can narrate to the team on his experiences with the economic crisis. This information can be crucial for the government in the future prevention of crisis. If negligence from part of the government caused a crisis in the world, then they should be careful in the future to avoid repeating the same mistakes. These three members can play vital roles in turning the global economy because they have the mandate of causing changes in the economy. For example, Colin Powell can ensure that all security measures taken by the government is for the good of everyone in the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Economic Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that the American government should not use its security powers for selfish gains but for the sake of the world. Christine can use her office in a manner to ensure that only the needy states get necessary assistance. She should come up with monetary policies aimed at ensuring that global economic crisis is contained (Taylor and Weerapana, 2009). Finally, Warren can play a role by ensuring that he fights for other investors. This means that the government should come up with investment policies that protect and empowers investors. This will encourage investments and eventually help in curbing global economic crisis. Team members are experienced personnel hence having the ability to tackle the issue properly. Secondly, all represents various sectors of the economy hence covering the entire departments run by the governments in the world. However, some members lack exposure. For example, Colin has inadequate exposure to the world since he worked for the American army. Therefore, his advice might be limited to America only hence ending up unable to advice on international economies. References Brown, C. B. (2010). Colin Powell critical of President Obama, Politico. Web. Savona, P., Kirton, J. J. Oldani, C. (2011). Global Financial Crisis: Global Impact and Solutions. New York: Ashgate P ublishing, Ltd. Shiller, R. J. (2008).The subprime solution: how todays global financial crisis happened, and what to do about it. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Taylor, J. B. Weerapana, A. (2009). Principles of Economics: Global Financial Crisis Edition. Belmont: Cengage Learning.

A Long Journey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Long Journey - Essay Example Auster differs from Nathaniel in one aspect, he find himself in a state of oscillation, moves from one place to another and talks with his friends on different things about his father, recollecting those limited moments which he had spent with his father. His talking style also switches from one point to other. This may also be due to the sudden death of his father. As far as the fact is concerned Auster’s father was not a sick person, but he suspects that the reason could be the reflection of his maternal grandfather’s murder. The flash back shows some violence that had happened in his family.His search relies on finding a father from the memories of his childhood days spent with him. He goes to the house where his father lived and finds out the old photos. Auster is reminded of those days through that photo, where he stands along with his father. His search is not only to find out his father but he wants to get a clear notion of father and son relationship. In pursuit of his father he sees his inside. The following comment would help in understanding the search of Auster â€Å"A sense of deep meaning and self-determination† [1]says the review regarding The portrait of an Invisible Man. Though some critics comment as Auster has lost his continuity.†Auster seems to have lost his sense of continuity†[Review Summary]. As it is very clear that Auster cannot find his father flesh and blood and more over his sanity teaches him the reality Auster considers his father as an invisible man. When he starts recollecting he feels his father’s presence, when the death news rules over him he realizes he cannot come back. Here lies the theme that his father is an invisible man. Nathaniel’s father dies leaving alone his two families and a eleven year old son, who in none but Nathaniel himself. His search goes in terms of finding

The importance of a film Do The Right Thing, directed by Spike Lee, in Essay

The importance of a film Do The Right Thing, directed by Spike Lee, in the world of independent American film of the Eighties and Nineties - Essay Example Now what is an independent film? An independent film is defined as a motion picture released by an autonomous film company which is not the part of the so-called â€Å"Big 6† or the top six film studios that monopolize the US and Canada movie market. Some people may not be sensitive about this when watching movies, but it should be noted that if the film is the one created by Warner Bros., then it’s been made by one of the â€Å"Big 6† companies. The others included in this list are the following: Columbia Pictures, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, Universal Pictures, and Walt Disney Studios (Cieply, 2009). Throughout American film history, there have been sporadic attempts by independent film producers to create movies that are experimental, less formulaic and more offbeat in contrast to their contemporaries. However, it was only during the 1980s (and onwards) that independent films were able to gain that window of opportunity to make their presence being felt in the industry. It is taken for granted that producers of ‘Indie films’ (short for Independent films) work on a lower budget making these types of films but what makes them stand out from the others is the somewhat atypical story, or sometimes, it’s the treatment of the subject matter itself, which these types of films usually tackle. As one article states: â€Å"A films Indie label carries with it this mode of independence in storytelling where studios dare not go†¦ This risk-taking is beyond low-budget films, with high acclaim and no box-office, inspired by triumphant tales in independent filmmakingà ¢â‚¬  (Cangialosi, 2010). In a way, this reflects the rebellious nature of either the director or the producer of the film, which is somehow going against the tide or thinking outside the box. Nevertheless, this has tremendously, positively helped in uplifting the film industry to be more audacious and have more guts